Pharmaceutical patenting trends on drugs and lifestyle diseases: an analysis of Indian and global status

The Indian pharmaceutical sector is large and has the potential of a global leader for low-priced high-quality drugs. The new patent regulations had a strong impact on the drug industry in India. There is a serious decline in the number of pharma patents recently after compulsory licensing for drugs was implemented in India. While regulations are meant for reducing the prices of essential drugs, there are investment-related issues when a patent is subjected to voluntary licensing. The present study focuses on three phases in pharmaceutical patenting identified by analysing the major patent databases and the potential shift in pharma patenting sector from acute to lifestyle disease-based drugs. The recent trend identified in the pharma patenting sector in India is quite unusual and unreported so far

Patent Database: Their Importance in Prior Art Documentation and Patent Search

In knowledge based economies the nation’s economic status depends on the production, distribution and use of knowledge and information. The recent trend in the economic growth of nations is mainly determined by innovative technological knowhow of the individuals. Intellectual property has gained attention in this era of knowledge. The vast amount of data generated through the application of intellectual assets is managed with the help of various in- silico tools. In recent days, the patent databases have gained importance due to the detailed information available on the granted patent and other details, such as, legal status of the patent applications, which are not available through any other literature search. This review paper attempts to describe different types of patent databases available, their unique features, strengths, weakness and their major purpose. This paper details the information on how to access a patent database, the relevance of patent information obtained from these databases in prior art search, patent analysis, and the drawbacks present in these patent databases

A Next-Generation Liquid Xenon Observatory for Dark Matter and Neutrino Physics

The nature of dark matter and properties of neutrinos are among the mostpressing issues in contemporary particle physics. The dual-phase xenontime-projection chamber is the leading technology to cover the availableparameter space for Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs), whilefeaturing extensive sensitivity to many alternative dark matter candidates.These detectors can also study neutrinos through neutrinoless double-beta decayand through a variety of astrophysical sources. A next-generation xenon-baseddetector will therefore be a true multi-purpose observatory to significantlyadvance particle physics, nuclear physics, astrophysics, solar physics, andcosmology. This review article presents the science cases for such a detector.<br

A next-generation liquid xenon observatory for dark matter and neutrino physics

The nature of dark matter and properties of neutrinos are among the most pressing issues in contemporary particle physics. The dual-phase xenon time-projection chamber is the leading technology to cover the available parameter space for weakly interacting massive particles, while featuring extensive sensitivity to many alternative dark matter candidates. These detectors can also study neutrinos through neutrinoless double-beta decay and through a variety of astrophysical sources. A next-generation xenon-based detector will therefore be a true multi-purpose observatory to significantly advance particle physics, nuclear physics, astrophysics, solar physics, and cosmology. This review article presents the science cases for such a detector

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Not AvailableIn knowledge based economies the nation’s economic status depends on the production, distribution and use of knowledge and information. The recent trend in the economic growth of nations is mainly determined by innovative technological knowhow of the individuals. Intellectual property has gained attention in this era of knowledge. The vast amount of data generated through the application of intellectual assets is managed with the help of various in- silico tools. In recent days, the patent databases have gained importance due to the detailed information available on the granted patent and other details, such as, legal status of the patent applications, which are not available through any other literature search. This review paper attempts to describe different types of patent databases available, their unique features, strengths, weakness and their major purpose. This paper details the information on how to access a patent database, the relevance of patent information obtained from these databases in prior art search, patent analysis, and the drawbacks present in these patent databases.Not Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailableThe Indian pharmaceutical sector is large and has the potential of a global leader for low-priced high-quality drugs. The new patent regulations had a strong impact on the drug industry in India. There is a serious decline in the number of pharma patents recently after compulsory licensing for drugs was implemented in India. While regulations are meant for reducing the prices of essential drugs, there are investment-related issues when a patent is subjected to voluntary licensing. The present study focuses on three phases in pharmaceutical patenting identified by analysing the major patent databases and the potential shift in pharma patenting sector from acute to lifestyle disease-based drugs. The recent trend identified in the pharma patenting sector in India is quite unusual and unreported so far.Not Availabl

A molecular analysis of selected marine fishes from the southwest coast of India for species delineation

In this study, mitochondrial genes 16S and cytochrome C oxidase I (COI) were used as taxonomic markers for the molecular analysis of selected fishes from the southwest coastal waters of India, viz., Sillago sihama (Forsskål, 1775), Mene maculata (Bloch & Schneider, 1801), Seriolina nigrofasciata (Ruppell, 1829), and Minous dempsterae (Eschmeyer, Hallacher & Rama-Rao, 1979). Both the gene fragments showed diagnostic differences and divergence within each taxon. The mean nucleotide diversity (Pi) among all the species was estimated as 0.083. The average transition and transversion ratio was 1.63. The average K2P distance of species within genera was estimated as 13.71 %, whereas it was 20.22 % among species within families. The variation was more among the species within families than among the congeneric individuals. The study on the phylogenetic relationships among the species revealed distinct clusters in concurrence with the taxonomic status of the species. The study also suggests that the mtDNA 16S (rRNA) and COI genes can be used as barcodes for the identification of fish species based on sequence informatio

Not Available

Not AvailableIn this study, mitochondrial genes 16S and cytochrome C oxidase I (COI) were used as taxonomic markers for the molecular analysis of selected fishes from the southwest coastal waters of India, viz., Sillago sihama (Forsskål, 1775), Mene maculata (Bloch & Schneider, 1801), Seriolina nigrofasciata (Ruppell, 1829), and Minous dempsterae (Eschmeyer, Hallacher & Rama-Rao, 1979). Both the gene fragments showed diagnostic differences and divergence within each taxon. The mean nucleotide diversity (Pi) among all the species was estimated as 0.083. The average transition and transversion ratio was 1.63. The average K2P distance of species within genera was estimated as 13.71 %, whereas it was 20.22 % among species within families. The variation was more among the species within families than among the congeneric individuals. The study on the phylogenetic relationships among the species revealed distinct clusters in concurrence with the taxonomic status of the species. The study also suggests that the mtDNA 16S (rRNA) and COI genes can be used as barcodes for the identification of fish species based on sequence informationNot Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailableIn this study, mitochondrial genes 16S and cytochrome C oxidase I (COI) were used as taxonomic markers for the molecular analysis of selected fishes from the southwest coastal waters of India, viz., Sillago sihama (Forsskål, 1775), Mene maculata (Bloch & Schneider, 1801), Seriolina nigrofasciata (Ruppell, 1829), and Minous dempsterae (Eschmeyer, Hallacher & Rama-Rao, 1979). Both the gene fragments showed diagnostic differences and divergence within each taxon. The mean nucleotide diversity (Pi) among all the species was estimated as 0.083. The average transition and transversion ratio was 1.63. The average K2P distance of species within genera was estimated as 13.71 %, whereas it was 20.22 % among species within families. The variation was more among the species within families than among the congeneric individuals. The study on the phylogenetic relationships among the species revealed distinct clusters in concurrence with the taxonomic status of the species. The study also suggests that the mtDNA 16S (rRNA) and COI genes can be used as barcodes for the identification of fish species based on sequence informationNot Availabl